The Apostle Paul, Saint Augustine Martin Luther Essay

The Apostle Paul, Saint Augustine Martin Luther Their impact on the Christian Faith March 12, 2009 The Apostle Paul, Saint Augustine, and Martin Luther have been three very important figures in the Christian church. Each went through a unique personal experience that changed the course of their lives. Those experiences were important to them and they should be important to anyone of the Christian faith. In this research paper I will explore these experiences and how they do and do not relate to each other. The Apostle Paul Paul was born with the name of Saul, in Tarsus of Cilicia, on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. He was born both a†¦show more content†¦Saint Augustine Augustine was born at Thagaste, a small town in the Roman province of Numidia in North Africa. His mother was a devout Christian, but his father never embraced the Christian faith. He received a classical education that both schooled him in Latin literature and enabled him to escape from his provincial upbringing. Trained at Carthage in rhetoric, which was a requisite for a legal or political career in the Roman empire, he became a teacher of rhetoric in Carthage, in Rome, and finally in Milan, a seat of imperial government at the time. At Milan, in 386, Augustine underwent religious conversion. He retired from his public position, received baptism from Ambrose, the bishop of Milan, and soon returned to North Africa. In 391, he was ordained to the priesthood in Hippo Regius and five years later he became bi shop. After the fall of Rome and the pagan attacks that blamed Christians for it, St. Augustine set out to meet the challenge. In 413 he started the City of God which was completed in 426, twenty-two books later. In his books, St. Augustine divides the human race into two parts, â€Å"the one consisting of those who live according to man, the other of those who live according to God. And these we also mystically call the two cities, or the two communities of men, of which the one is predestined to reign eternally with God, and the other to suffer eternal punishment with the devil.†(E Show MoreRelatedTheological Understandings of Mediated Grace2903 Words   |  12 Pagesdiscord and disunity, but a greater appreciation of the immense horizon of grace as perceived by humanity. Perhaps the most obvious example of this is the clash between Martin Luther and the tenets of the Roman Catholic Church (represented here by their Decree on Justification that was presented at the Coun cil of Trent). Luther saw grace as the way to salvation, while the Catholic Church intimated that grace itself was salvation. In his treatise on Christian Liberty, he said â€Å"very great care mustRead MoreA Letter From The Birmingham Jail1110 Words   |  5 Pageslogical to argue that the structure of â€Å"A Letter from the Birmingham Jail† resembles that of a sermon which is aimed at an audience much larger than that of just eight clergymen. Through his brilliant use of persuasive methods and emotional appeal, Martin Luther King turns a simple response to a letter into a national cause for white support to combat segregation. He begins his letter by stating that he is writing this letter â€Å"while confined here in the Birmingham City Jail† (King 2). However althoughRead MoreAnalysis Of Letter From Birmingham Jail And Joe I Lost My Talk 1443 Words   |  6 PagesLIBS 7001 Mid-Term Essay King â€Å"Letter From Birmingham Jail† and Joe â€Å"I Lost My Talk† Martin Luther King Jr.’s Letter From Birmingham Jail and Rita Joe’s poem, I Lost My Talk share the controversial topic of racial injustice, recalling horrific events of the past all leading up to the sole purpose of asking for help. With both writers having personal experiences tied to these texts, we come face-to-face with the awful truths behind racial and cultural genocides and are left wondering whether or notRead MoreA Comparison of Letter From Birmingham City Jail and I Have a Dream by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.1903 Words   |  8 Pages Martin Luther King Jr., one of the greatest speakers for the Black civil rights movement, had written many great works in his time. Two of his pieces stand out as his greatest works, Letter from Birmingham City Jail; a letter written from a jail in Birmingham where he was arrested for demonstrating peacefully, to clergymen who didnt agree with his views, and I Have a Dream; a speech given by King in front of the Washington Memorial at a huge civil rights tea party. BothRead MoreEssay on Unifying the Church1814 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Miriam-Webster’s dictionary defines unity as the state of being in full agreement. When one reads the Bible it is clear that God’s will is for the church to be unified. In I Corinthians 1:10 the Apostle Paul instructs the church to be perfectly joined together in mind and speech and to have no divisions among them. Today we see various denominations, or as defined in Miriam-Webster’s dictionary, religious organizations united in their adherence to its beliefs and practices. This raisesRead MoreDr Martin Luther King Jrs Influence on the Social and Political Culture of the Country2658 Words   |  11 Pagesof the country as Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Kings most formative writings and sermons dated from when he was just a teenager in seminary school (Kuruvila, 2007). Kings character was formed within the forge of the Christian faith. It was from a firm bedrock in Christianity that Kings concepts of morality and spiritual justice sprouted. However, Kings politic al and social activism also bore roots in the rich soil of philosophy. As Blakely (2001) points out, As Martin moved on to the seminaryRead MoreTheology- Church and Sacraments4375 Words   |  18 PagesSacraments† by Victoria D. Corral, Ed.D. Et al. No other reference was used in the makings. The 12 chosen apostles of Jesus Christ were the first footsteps taken to the creation of the Church, which was born from the Father’s plan in order to continue the mission He had done and that is to proclaim the Kingdom of God. The early Christian community was the beginning of the Church as each apostle begins the journey of spreading His Word to all nations. Despite the universal acceptance of the many, itRead MoreThe Importance Of Religions1745 Words   |  7 Pagesor â€Å"not their own†. That is the polar opposite of what we desire for the â€Å"indigenous church† (a term borrowed from Melvin Hodge). The church is a united network of multicultural, multiethnic, and international groups who work for a single purpose. Paul uses the analogy of the human body quite befittingly in regard to the Body of Christ. (â€Å"The Indigenous Church† by Melvin Hodge. Title quoted not line from book) Because of the Dunning’s use of sustainable missions, the church is not only growing inRead MoreSt.Jerome Essay4572 Words   |  19 Pagessuperficial escapades and wanton behaviour of students there, which he indulged in quite casually but for which he suffered terrible bouts of repentance afterwards. To appease his  conscience, he would visit on Sundays the  sepulchers  of the  martyrsand the  Apostles  in the catacombs. This experience would remind him of the terrors of  hell: Often I would find myself entering those crypts, deep dug in the earth, with their walls on either side lined with the bodies of the dead, where everything was so dark that

Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Response in Schools

Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Response in Schools Jennifer Cox Walden University NURS 4010 Section 06, Family, Community, and Population-Based Care May 5, 2013 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND DISASTER RESPONSE IN SCHOOLS The professional nurse uses clinical judgment and decision making skills to provide appropriate nursing care and collaborates with other health care professionals responding to the emergency or disaster. The purpose of this paper is to outline the professional nurse’s role and how the nurse works with other responding personnel as well as the community affected in the event of a tornado that affects a school. The Role of the Nurse A disaster is defined as any natural or human-made incident that causes†¦show more content†¦This system includes universal protocols and language (Stanhope, 2012). This system acknowledges the need for mutual aid response and allows for easy to understand communication and description of roles no matter what agency or community the responders come from. This system should be implemented in every school because when a disaster strikes, especially at a school, people come from all over the country to render aid and this system provides a framework that everyone can understand. Summary The school nurse’s assistance in community-wide planning groups is helpful in the facilitation of a rapid, coordinated, effective emergency response within the framework of the Incident Command System. This includes establishing standard emergency response plans and participating in skills, drills and exercises to evaluate the response capabilities of a school, as well as the effectiveness of the plan (NASN, 2013). Disasters occurring at schools create a larger scale disaster because not only is there the disaster inside the school, but there is also a disaster created outside the school from all of the parents wanting answers that sometimes takes hours to produce the answers to. Planning is the key and the school nurse is in the position to help in the planning of the response plan in these disasters. References Emergency preparedness-the role of the school nurse. National Association of SchoolShow MoreRelatedDisasters Caused Destruction On The Health Of The Public1290 Words   |  6 Pagescaused destruction, various injuries and death. Preparation for the disasters and effective response actions when the disaster occurs can help minimize the long-term effects of the disaster. Today, disasters are of even greater concern than in the past. The frequency of disaster events has increased, due to, in part increasing technology. Human communities are also much more condensed, increasing the potential for exposure to disasters. Furthermore, due to increasing population size and new technologiesRead MoreDisaster Preparedness At The Houston Methodist Hospital Essay1229 Words   |  5 Pages DISASTER PREPREDNESS IN HOSPITALS Name Institution Date Disaster Preparedness; Interview and Findings In day to day operations, uncertainties do occur. Henceforth it would be important to have a contingent and well detailed disaster preparedness plan and procedures. Healthcare systems, on a day to day basis, are faced with emergencies in form of disasters. As a result, majority of medical centers have well-structured exit plans in the event of a disaster occurring(Hospital Disaster Preparedness:Read MoreThe Threat Of Terrorism Has Become A Major Issue For Public Health Systems930 Words   |  4 Pagesand disaster planning. Nurses need to comprehend their role in response to terrorist events, since they implement assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of the victims of terrorism, as well as disaster planning and response, at both the individual and community level. (Gebbie, K., Qureshi, K. 2006) The threat of terrorism has become a major issue for public health systems across the United States, and teaching urban and rural communities to plan ahead has become an important factor in di saster preparednessRead MoreEssay on Differences Between Mitigation and Preparedness1703 Words   |  7 PagesPart I What are the primary differences between Mitigation and Preparedness? Research and describe three examples of each. The United States experiences a variety of natural disasters throughout the year. Because of hurricanes on the Pacific, Atlantic, and Gulf of Mexico coasts, earthquakes near the San Andreas and other fault lines, volcanic eruptions, tornadoes in the plains, and floods throughout the Midwest, the United States suffers approximately $1 billion in losses each week. From 1990-93Read MoreNatural and Man-Made Disasters, and How to Manage Them Properly730 Words   |  3 PagesDisasters and emergencies can happen anywhere, at any time (Pellegrin, 2012). A disaster is a term describing a whole range of distress situations, both individual and communal. These include fires and drowning, earthquake and tornado, epidemics and starvation, heat and cold, rats and locusts (Kumar, 2000). While the Malaysian National Security Council (MNSC) Directive 20 (2003) defines disaster as â€Å"an emergency situation of some complexity that will cause the loss of lives, damage property and theRead MoreOpe ration Management - the World Food Program1338 Words   |  6 Pagesfights against hunger by continually responding to emergencies around the globe. The organizations are funded by governments, humanitarian organizations, and other voluntary entities or individuals. According to Wikipedia, it is â€Å"the world’s largest humanitarian organization addressing hunger worldwide†. WFP saves lives by getting food to the hungry fast. Over the years, WFP has developed expertise in different areas including Emergency Preparedness, Food security Analysis, Nutrition, Food ProcurementRead MoreWhat Are the Characteristics of a Population for Which a Mean/Median/Mode Would Be Appropriate? Inappropriate1596 Words   |  7 PagesChapter is the continuation of an adaptation of a state plan for disaster preparation and response. In total, the original chapter comprises Chapters 1, 14, 16-18. Chapter Overview Many of you are reading this manual as part of your efforts to prepare as a spiritual care professional who will be ready to respond during times of disaster. Your main role will be to provide emotional and spiritual support to those affected by disaster, but it is also critical for you to understand the context in whichRead MoreEmergency Management Plan Evaluation : Emergency Preparedness Plan Essay1444 Words   |  6 PagesEmergency Management Plan Evaluation Ashley Williams Albany State University â€Æ' The Interview The purpose of the Emergency Preparedness Plan is to save lives and prevent injuries in case of emergencies such as nuclear attack, fire, natural disaster, civil disorder or other, and provide the necessary best practices to ensure all possible and relevant forms of communicating with our faculty, staff, students, and parents. Mrs. Patricia Harris of the International Studies Elementary Charter SchoolRead MoreThe Federal Emergency Management Agency ( Fema ) Of The United States Department Of Homeland Security1702 Words   |  7 PagesOne dominant agency is the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) of the United States Department of Homeland Security. FEMA was created on 1979 by the late President Jimmy Carter that signed the executive order to support the citizens and first responders to ensure that as a nation, people work together to build, sustain and improve our capability to prepare for, protect against, respond to, recover from and mitigate all hazards. Another program c alled National Earthquake Hazards Reduction ProgramRead MoreEvolution Of The Framework For Hazard Management1487 Words   |  6 Pageshazards paradigm of emergency and hazard management. Major disasters, often resulting in catastrophes, have caused changes in emergency management and preparedness. As discussed in Disasters: Lessons from the past 105 years, â€Å"a disaster is a natural or man-made event that negatively affects life, property, livelihood or industry often resulting in permanent changes to human societies, ecosystems and environment† (Quarantelli,1998). Hurricane Katrina was one of the biggest emergency management catastrophes

Elisa is writing in a diary free essay sample

Why? Leather Aprons because they wore leather aprons when they worked How did Bens father cultivate the skills academic and practical that would help Ben become an entrepreneur? He sent Ben to ordinary writing and arithmetic school for two years. He later had him become an apprentice In the printing business with his uncle James. At only age 24 Ben Franklin was well on his way as an entrepreneur owning and running several businesses. List the many businesses he owned. A print shop, his own newspaper, a variety store that sold many types of practical items Was it a sure thing that Bens businesses would succeed?No! Many businesses fail. Bens succeeded because he had good ideas and worked hard. Entrepreneurs always take some risk when they start new business. Ben helped his city of Philadelphia In other entrepreneurial ways that were not directly related to his own businesses. We will write a custom essay sample on Elisa is writing in a diary or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What were they? Formed the first circulating public library Suggested ways to light streets, deepen the rivers, dispose of garbage, and keep people from slipping on ice during winter As Postmaster General, he organized a speedy mail delivery system. He helped organize a fire insurance company and a hospitalWhat are some of Ben Franklins other inventions? The Franklin stove, which provided more heat that an ordinary fireplace, was less smoky, and was less costly to operate a stepladder stool with a folding seat an automatic windmill to turn meat as it was roasted There are many inventions that are not successful in a business sense they dont make a profit for the inventor. Why is this? There are many reasons: inventors are sometimes not good business people and dont know how to run a business; sometimes the new product isnt marketed well its a great idea, but people Just dont learn about it.Explain how one of Ben Franklins inventions greatly benefited the community by reducing the number of building fires due to lightning strikes. He invented the lightning rod, which attracts lightning and leads it harmlessly through a wire into the ground. Describe a good that Ben Franklin printed for 25 years that helped make his printing business so successful. Poor Richards Almanacs was a collection of calendars, weather forecasts, the schedule of tides, the time the sun rose and set, advice on when to plant, how-tots about many subjects, and some humorous comments. What do you think are some characteristics of a successful entrepreneur? Persistence (this is maybe the most important characteristic), creativity, hard work, being able to work with people to meet a goal, no fear of failure, see a need and meet it, etc. No matter how busy he was, Ben Franklin always found time to try out new ideas. Such as a remote-control lock (so he could stay in bed and lock his door), a rocking chair (which powered a fan), and a windmill (to turn his meat roaster). Aside from being a man of ideas, he was an ambassador to England, a printer, an almanac maker, a politician, and even a vegetarian (for a time).

The Kings of Ancient Egypt

The Kings of Ancient Egypt The study of ancient history will never be complete without taking a closer examination at the history of ancient Egypt. This is because of how the Egyptians made a lasting impact on the lives of ancient peoples; from Africa, the Middle-East, India, Greece and Rome. Their greatness is seen in the pyramids that still existed today.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Kings of Ancient Egypt specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Their power can be seen in the treasures that archaeologists are still unearthing even in the 21st century. The explanation for ancient Egypt’s splendor, power, and influence can all be traced back to one source, the King of Egypt. This is because he is both a political leader and a divine ruler. Background The emergence of the Egyptian civilization was contemporaenous to that of Mesopotamia (Spielvogel, 2008, p.13). However, it can be argued that the de velopment of Egypt’s culture and civilization developed in a very different way. It can also be said that this is because of the Nile River, the longest river in the world. Although the Mesopotamians benefited from its rivers – with flooding that deposited rich soil to the river banks and ensured bountiful harvests – the Egyptians had one advantage. The Nile River’s flooding was gradual and predictable and at the same time the people can attest that their river is tame compared to others and therefore a true giver of life (Spielvogel, 2008, p.13). This is the reason why the Egyptians were able to build a kingdom that was known far and wide. An economy based on agriculture is the reason for their prosperity. However, the long-term stability of the kingdom was due to their idea of kingship and how it can be used to their advantage. Just like the other kingdoms in the region the Egyptians were under a special kind of monarchial form of government. The King w as not just a political leader, but he and the descendants after him can trace their genealogy to the gods of heaven. They were empowered by a divine appointment and therefore it is for the best interest of everyone to sustiain the line of succession and preserve the kingdom. It has to be pointed out that compared to other kingdoms and civilizations, the Egyptian civilization â€Å"was characterized by a remarkable degree of continuity over thousands of years â€Å" (Spielvogel, 2008, p.15). As long as the peole are happy, protected, and their needs met there is no problem with this set-up. But first, the people will have to fully understand the idea that their King is no ordinary human being and that he is part-man and part-divine. Based on Mythology It is a common practice in the ancient world to devise mythology that will explain the origin of things. The origin of the people, the land mass and the origin of the royal family, has to be articulated. In the case of Egypt it was a gradual process. The first thing that has to be done is for the emergence of a powerful family that can unite other tribes and from that successful partnership a kingdom can be established.Advertising Looking for research paper on ancient history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the beginning there was no central government. The whole of Egypt consisted of numerous populated areas ruled by a tribal leader untile one day around 3100 B.C., the first dynasty was established under a king and he united bot Upper and Lower Egypt into one single Kingdom (Spielvogel, 2008, p.16). The first six dynasties was an age of splendor characterized by prosperity and the construction of magnficient pyramids. This period lasted until 2181 B.C., and historians called it the Old Kingdom. It is during this period that the myth of the divine origin of the royal family began to take root. The myth that supports the origin of the divine ruler begi ns with the story that in the past everything was ideal. It is best described throug the following ancient poem explaining the reason why there is chaos and trouble and the necessity of a king: It happened that Re, the self created god, after he occupied the kingship when humans and gods were still together. Then the people devised a plot against Re (Assmann, 2001, p.13).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Kings of Ancient Egypt specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There was a time when everything was perfect until man decided to rebel against Re, their supreme god. The gods punished mankind and from that day forward what was once united was split into two. There is now a division between man and gods. This created major problems because the relationship between mankind and the gods were broken. This is not an ideal situation for the people but at the same time the gods were also not happy with the end res ult. One day, the gods hit upon the idea on how to mend the broken relationship between the realm of the humans and the realm of the gods. The gods said that there must a divinely appointed leader, â€Å"a new king in whose hands rule over the world will be placed, one who will build temples to deities and increase their offeringss, and in whose time abundance and fertility will reign† (Assmann, 2001, p.16). After the myth was made clear the ruling family can go to the people and convince them that it is for their benefit to support the dynasty for it was blessed by the gods. This will ensure good tiding for both the spiritual and the physical realms. An affront to the royal family is an affront to the gods. The claim was made more binding and serious when they perpetuated the second layer of the myth which is the explanation for the coming of the man-god, the first king of Eypt and it was made possible when a god impegranated an earthly queen. Their offspring became the firs t political and divine ruler of Egypt. Hail the King It is easy to understand why the royal family wanted to project themselves as descendants of gods. Egypt is not the only kingdom to ever utilize the power of mythology. However, in the case of Egypt they were so successful that there are historians who believed that the king has become more important than the gods (Silverman O’Connor, 1995, p.95). They were able to say this by explaining that, â€Å"The state was unthinkable without kingship. In ideology, kingship formed the unifying apex of a host of dualities that constituted society, as well as forming the point of connection among human society, the gods and the wider cosmos† (Silverman O’Connor, 1995, p.95). It can be argued that it came to a point in time when the King was also considered as a god himself. It is important to note that since ancient Egyptian history covered a long period of time, then there could never be a uniform ideology when it come s to hw the people interpret kingship. One has to accept the fact that change was inevitable. According to experts in ancient history, â€Å"Periodic re-examination of the subject of kingship over the years has shown that the ancient Egyptians seemed to have viewed this concept differently at different times† (Silverman O’Connor, year, p.49).Advertising Looking for research paper on ancient history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They added, â€Å"While kingship as an institution may have continued fairly constantly throughout the more than three thousand year history of ancient Egypt, just what the office signified, how the holders of the position understood their role, and how the population received this individual did not constitute uniform concepts †¦ without change† (Silverman O’Connor, year, p.49). Nevertheless, it is clear from what they left behind, the artifacts and the massive structures tell a story as how they perceive their kings. First of all the people easily accepted the fact that their king can be both man and divine. As a human being the king has the responsibility to demonstrate to the people that he indeed is the son of the gods. This means that rituals had to be performed from the coronation to the worship of deities. This is seen in the temples that were created and how they spent a great deal of time, energy, and money on building sacred structures in honor of the gods. On the other hand the kings were typical political leaders. They had to contend with the issues that even a ruler from the modern world had to contend with. It is all about security, watching over food supply, and keeping their subjects happy because a contented populace means stability while discontentment will bring strife. Therefore, the people saw the king as an administrator (Rice, 1999, p.8). A good example is the exploits of King Narmer in 3100 B.C., he became the first pharaoh and united the two lands – of Upper and Lower Egypt (Ruiz, 2001, p.10). It is during this time when hieroglyphic writing was perfected and this made it possible to rule Egypt more efficiently (Ruiz, 2001, p.10). The pyramids were also part of the enduring evidence as to how the people saw their kings. They are builders, rulers, adminstrators and they are eternal (Deady, year, p.16) This is why the system worked because everything was handled by the king and the peope allowed him to be both a political leader and at the same time a divine ruler. Conclusion The ancient Egyptians wanted to believe that their kings descended from the gods. They also have no problem with the idea that their kings were warriors, conquerors, and administrators. They also believed that their king is part man and part divine. Their belief system is encouraged by the fact that Egypt became the most powerful and richest civilzation in the ancient world. They wanted continuity, they wanted stability, and progress. Ancient Egypt just like the other kingdoms in the area had no problem with having a king that can unifty the spritual and the physical realm. In other words there was no issue with regards to the separation of Church and State. This belief system was perpetuated using symbols, rituals, and structures that were built not only to inspire people but also to tell rival kingdoms that there is something special within ancient Egypt and it woud be to the benefit of everyone if this political and religious structure remain until the end of time. References Assmann, J. (2001). The Search for God in Ancient Egypt. New York: Cornell University Press. Deady, K. (2004). Ancient Egypt. MN: Capstone Press. Rice, M. (1999). Who’s who in Ancient Egypt. New York: Routledge. Ruiz, A. (2001). The Spirit of Ancient Egypt. New York: Algora Publishing. Silverman, D. D. O’Connor. (1995). Ancient Egyptian Kingship. MA: E.J. Brill. Spielvogel, J. (2008). Western Civilization: A Brief History. MA: Wadsworth Press. This research paper on The Kings of Ancient Egypt was written and submitted by user Jaxen Rose to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Dyslexia

Dyslexia History of Dyslexia Dyslexia was initially termed by W. Pringle Morgan as ‘congenital word blindness’ in a medical literature in 1886. The phrase was however coined by German ophthalmologist named R. Berlin where dys is a Greek word referring to ‘difficult’ and lexus referring to ‘word’. Berlin applied the name to refer to particular difficulty in reading rather than due to visual interference.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Dyslexia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Later, James Hinshelwood implied dyslexia to be ‘congenital word blindness.’ He also detailed the condition in his 1917 monograph where he referred to the condition as â€Å"congenital deficiency of the visual memory of words† (Gilman, 2007 p.593). From his observation, the condition was more prevalent in males as compared to females although recent research has proven otherwise. In the cases described, there were lesions that were characterized by similar traits and concluded that the condition was a result of faulty development, leading to a declined processes of left angular as well as supramarginal gyri. Today, this has been asserted by current research which implicates the condition to the temporoparietal region. Additionally, the neurologist Samuel Orton examined children with difficulties to read, write or speak. He improved the idea of developmental reading disorder into â€Å"a graded series including all degrees of severity of the handicap† (Gilman, 2007 p.594). Orton appreciated the presence of comorbid developmental disorders such as speech delay, dysgraphia, repetitive language, stuttering, as well as difficulties with motor coordination. Besides, he described strephosymbolia or syllable reversals like confusing the word saw and was or d and b. he attributed strephosymbolia to deficiency in unilateral left hemisphere cerebral control for languag e rather than the traditional visual perceptual disorder. From current research, individuals with the condition apply extra bilateral cortex when reading as compared to normal ones (Richards, 1999). Definition of Dyslexia Dyslexia is defined as a â€Å"developmental disorder of the neurological system that results in a relatively selective impairment of an individual’s ability to learn to red. It is described as an unexpected difficulty in learning to red in an individual who otherwise possesses the intelligence, motivation and schooling considered necessary for accurate and fluent reading â€Å" (Gilman p. 593).Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is a learning disability, which is marked by difficulties in reading since the brain is unable to effectively recognize as well as process particular symbols. An individual’s fluency and comprehensiv eness is affected such that they have hardships while reading and spelling. Their reading standard is lower but varies with individuals. It could result from brain injury in adulthood or what is referred to as dementia. Some of the individual with dyslexia have a genetic predisposition and the condition is linked to particular genes, which predispose them. Dyslexia is managed by identifying the learning problems and teaching methods and learning conditions are changed so as to improve the symptoms that are associated with dyslexia (Leaner Kline, 2006). It is also referred to as Developmental Reading Disorder (DRD) that occurs as a result of difficulties in interpretation of language. Students with such a condition have normal intelligence and are able to understand complex tasks. Individuals with dyslexia could experience difficulties in phonology, pronunciation, and rhyming words which are essential in reading skills hence are unable to understand particular sentences. Dyslexia co uld have an impact on various functions such as visual and auditory where in the former there are difficulties with numbers and letters that could be reversed as well as difficulties in writing symbols sequentially. The latter is marked by difficulties with sounds where they are perceived incorrectly (Leaner Kline, 2006). Prevalence of dyslexia in school aged children is approximately 5 to 17 percent with differences in the sample population studied as well as criteria applied to diagnose. Prevalence is thought to be same irrespective of gender. From longitudinal studies, the condition traits shows difficulties even with improvement of reading skills. Compensatory physiological processes persist in adults who have had previous reading impairment. There are also environmental aspects like type and quantity of reading that has an effect on the results of individuals with dyslexia.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Dyslexia specifically for you for o nly $16.05 $11/page Learn More Specific language impairment (SLI) has been linked to dyslexia where in cohort of children 77 percent scored less on tests involving single word reading while 98 percent scored less on tests involving reading comprehension. Children with dyslexia are implicated with SLD in math and written expression although the highly notable cormobid is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Significantly, 20 to 25 percent of children with dyslexia have ADHD while 10-50 percent of children with ADHD have dyslexia (Gilman, 2007). Specific and systematic strategies could effectively manage the condition. Etiology and prevalence of the condition is implicated to people with particular genetic disorders like neurofibromatosis as well as klinefelter’s syndrome. Besides, it is prevalent in children with previous medical histories like prematurity, in-utero exposure to drugs, hydrocephalus, congenital illnesses as well as early neurological disorders like neonatal stroke. All the same, people with dyslexia possess none of the risk factors. It is also supposed to be genetic and those with the history of the condition are supposedly a 23-65 percent likelihood of having a child with dyslexia. However, 27 to 49 percent of children with dyslexia notably have a parent with the condition. Dyslexia prevalence in siblings of children with the condition is 40 percent having 84 to 100 percent concordance in monozygotic twins. All the same, genetic processes of the heritability are indicated as heterogeneous and complicated. Currently, research has indicated occurrence of genes liked with chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 15 as well as 18. (Gilman, 2007) Causes of Dyslexia Dyslexia could be caused by brain trauma in the part that regulates reading as well as writing but the condition is rare and this type is called trauma dyslexia. Injuries to the nervous system, which is meant to facilitate communication within the brain, could cause d yslexia. An injury could have resulted due to fever and concussion such that the brain fails to receive signals appropriately.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, another type is primary dyslexia that emanates from dysfunction or harm on the cerebral cortex which never modify with age (Richards, 1999). Students with this form of dyslexia discontinues with schooling due to learning difficulties. This form of dyslexia is genetic and occurs more in males as compared to females. Finally, another form of dyslexia is termed as secondary dyslexia. It is also referred as developmental dyslexia and emanates from abnormalities in hormonal growth in early fetal development. It however improves with age and occurs more in boys. Of importance, the Cerebella theory maintains that an impaired cerebellum could lead to dyslexia. The cerebrum facilitates motor regulation in speech expression. The theory infers that expression difficulties could lead to phonological processing difficulties, which are implicated with dyslexia. Cerebellum also affects the automatisation of leant actions that involves learning and reading (Swarbrick Marshall, 2004). Another theory implicates dyslexia with problems in language processing referred to as phonological model. It asserts that the condition emanates from problems failure to break words into language units referred to phonemes e.g. ‘Cat’ has 3 phonemes named kuh, aah tuh (Goldish, 2001). Additionally, poor hearing could cause children with dyslexia to have difficulties in sounding words. This could be attributed to hearing impairment in childhood. Characteristics of Dyslexia There are other learning disabilities linked with dyslexia which are associated with neurological causes. To start with, dysgraphia is one such condition that depicts itself mainly through typing or writing. It also sometimes affects the coordination of eyes and hands orientation in undertaking tasks like tying knots or undertaking repetitive activities. Dysgraphia in individuals with dyslexia is caused by a number of factors as a result of difficulties with writing letters with ease, finger-motor or der impairment, organizational and intricate complexity as well as impaired visual word structure that impair visual picture retrieval needed in wording and spelling. Additionally, Dyscalculia is another neurological impairment marked by having issues with fundamental sense of numerals and quantity hence problems in solving mathematics. However, they comprehend complex math although they experience problems in retrieval of fundamental facts that involves adding and subtracting. Attention Deficit Disorder is yet another condition notable in dyslexia. This is however yet to be established scientifically. Finally, Cluttering is notable in individual with dyslexia. It is impairment of speech fluency that regulates speech pace and rhythms hence affecting speech clearness (Swarbrick Marshall, 2004). Teaching Strategies of Dyslexia Phonemic awareness should be prioritized in managing symptoms of dyslexia. One word has to be taught while disintegrating it into its component phonemes. Phone me or grapheme correspondence, follows where students with dyslexia are given letters and are shown the way to integrate them into one syllable word. The students are then shown how to use the six syllables, which are present in English language. On becoming aware of every syllable they are presented with, they are able to recognize the sound associated with the vowel. Besides, on hearing a vowel sound, students are able to spell it in the correct way. The student is subsequently trained on probability and set of laws in accordance to the language taught. Finally, the student is guided on roots, affixes and morphology, for them to enrich their vocabulary and comprehension in spelling strange words (Hall et al., 1998). To teach these concepts, various strategies have to be employed. To start with, simultaneous multisensory directives are essential for individuals with dyslexia when they apply their entire senses in learning since they have enhanced potential in storage and retrieval of information. The student could see a letter, name, sound and write it. In addition, strong directives followed by sufficient practice would help students with dyslexia to improve their learning skills. The instructions should be direct and explicit since students with dyslexia have difficulties with written information and must be taught explicitly about the rules on written language each at a time, up to the point they become conversant with them to read and spell in order to get into the next rule (Hall et al., 1998). Another strategy should involve being systematic and cumulative since the students have difficulties with written language. Therefore, they have to be initiated with a solid base in teaching logic of language each at a time followed by practice, to fluently spell and read where they have to be reminded every time. This should be done logically from the beginning to the end. Significantly, the teaching should be synthetic as well as analytic in recognizing each let ter/sound and add them to give a word (synthesis). Besides, they should be analytic in the sense that they could split a long word into various parts. Finally, diagnostic teaching is essential for teachers to assess the student’ potential to perceive as well as apply regulations without blindly memorizing a pattern and incase there are difficulties, they have to be re-taught (Hall et al., 1998). Accommodations for students with dyslexia Oral testing where tests have to be read to individuals with dyslexia while they respond orally. Besides, untimed tests help them to enhance their performance. When they are timed and pressured, they fail to do well. They also consume much time in reading questions and composing answers in order to write them down. Teachers should therefore aim at minimizing spelling errors by carrying out spelling tests in tutoring class rather than that of the classroom. They should not oblige these students on loud oral reading in class. When it’s ne eded entirely, students should be given prior notice and the texts they are supposed to read for them to practice. They should also have less homework since they take more time to complete it as compared to other students. They should be graded by content and not penalized on handwriting or spelling since it would be unfair for them. Teachers should recognize dictated work and avoid the students with dyslexia from copying work. In addition, they could be given alternative assignments, which are not written e.g. video presentations and debates. Besides, essay tests have to be minimized and multiple choice questions could be included (Hall et al., 1998). References Gilman, S. (2007). Neurobiology of Disease. London: Academic Press. Goldish, M. (2001). Everything You Need to Know about Dyslexia. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group. Hall, S., Vail, P. and Lyon, R. (1998). Sharing the latest Research results with those who need to know. Bright Solutions for Dyslexia, Inc. Web. Leaner, J . Kline, F. (2006). Learning Disabilities and Related Disorders.10th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Richards, R. G. (1999). The Source for Dyslexia and Dysgraphia. Moline, IL: Lingui Systems Swarbrick, J. Marshall, A. (2004). The Everything Parents Guide To Children With Dyslexia: All You Need To Ensure Your Childs Success. Avon, MA: F + W Publications, Inc.

Procurement and Contract Management Essay Example

Procurement and Contract Management Essay Example Procurement and Contract Management Essay Procurement and Contract Management Essay Procurement and Contract Management Name: Institution: Course: Instructor: Date: Procurement and Contract Management The big picture of e-business enhances the performance and market position of any business organization. The value pyramid provides a simple outline of how value is built on the competitiveness of the company’s products and services. In both, there are financial investments, involvement of the management team, stakeholders and costs. Both of these two business aspects are vital in any organization. This is because they are both responsible for the growth and success of the business; the business cannot function without either. Creating value for any organization is influenced by certain elements, which include â€Å"organizational design, the cultural profile, production processes, incentive systems, strategic initiatives and core competencies† (Cameron, 2006). Value creation is important in business as it ensures understanding of unique customer needs. Once a business understands the needs of the customer, it will be able to provide services and products that they find consistently useful. Business initiatives are paramount in value creation given that they display an organization’s willingness to go the extra mile for the sake of its customers and other stakeholders. This strengthens customer loyalty and trust. Businesses that strive to create value cannot do so without the help and involvement of its employees. Employees in any business are as important just like the customers; therefore, they deserve equal treatment by the management team. Value creation for employees is done to motivate and encourage them. This is made possible through respectful treatment, excellent compensation and continuous training. All this will ensure excellent performance from the employees, which will yield customer satisfaction and general business growth. Any business with investors will create value to promote high returns on their capital. This will be achieved if the business delivers sustainable value for customers (Pohlman, Gardiner, 2000). Customer value is the most important value in any business organization. Value creation is also important because it allows businesses to market their products by emphasizing more on the strength of the brand than the commodity. This means that they can charge higher prices and obtain competitive advantage (Holton, Bates, 2009). Products cannot be released into the market without proper and effective marketing to capture and retain customers. Reference Cameron, K. S. (2006). Competing values leadership: Creating value in organizations. Cheltenham, UK: E. Elgar Pub. Holton, L., Bates, J. (2009). Business valuation for dummies. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Publishing. Pohlman, R., Gardiner, G. (2000). Value driven management: How to create and maximize value over time for organizational success. New York: AMACOM.

Commercial law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Commercial law - Essay Example â€Å"What is needed for ascertainment is that the buyer should be able to say, Those are my goods This requirement is satisfied if he can say, All those are my goods. There is no need to be able to say that any particular goods came from any particular source.† Once the goods have been ascertained, thereby releasing the inhibition of sect. 16, the moment at which the parties intended title to pass may be inferred relying on the prima facie presumption created by rule 5(1) of sect. 18, i.e. that title passed when the unascertained goods sold by description and being in a â€Å"deliverable state†5 were unconditionally appropriated by one party with the assent of the other. Delivery of the goods by the seller to a carrier or other bailee for the purpose of transmission to the buyer is said by rule 5(2) of sect. 18 to constitute an act of unconditional appropriation.6 Where, for example, the seller still has the obligation under the contract to actually deliver the goods to the buyer, title may already have passed to the buyer upon some prior act of appropriation.7 Possession will only be transferred upon actual delivery.8 Unconditional appropriation is the irrevocable earmarking of the goods as the contract goods, after which act the seller gives up his right to change his mind and substitute other goods of the same kind.124 Unconditional appropriation was held, in Carlos Federspiel & Co., S.A. v. Charles Twigg & Co. Ltd.,9 to mean that the seller must have the intention to irrevocably attach the goods to the contract of sale, holding out that those goods and not others are the subject of the sale. When Ken Mortors selected six Ford Ka motors intending four to go to WAH, the goods going to WAH at that moment was sufficiently ascertained and earmarked because necessary documentation including the car’s identification would have to be prepared for delivery to WAH along with the specific cars. Therefore, title to the Ford Motors was passed to WAH at that

CPS Conservatorship Worker Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CPS Conservatorship Worker - Personal Statement Example The author of the paper states that the ability to change the society and protect the rights of the children is essential and fits adequately with his moral and professional requirements. The researcher ‘s Bachelor Degree of Social Science in Criminology has prepared him to deal analytically with complex issues and to approach various problems in different methods. The author’s studies equipped him with excellent investigative skills and communication skills due to numerous group works and class participation. His previous employment as an Office Assistant prepared him professionally on how to deal with demanding schedules while maintaining healthy working relationships. Additionally, the author worked as a teller where his computer skills were improved significantly. The researcher will increase efficiency by dedicating resources to the intended course of the agency. The author’s investigative skills will enable him to close numerous cases at the stipulated time while his interpersonal skills will be aimed at developing more intimate employee relationships so that they can work on a common agenda. The researcher also seeks to develop a successful career with DFPS while achieving excellent children care and changing society by ensuring that children are socialized in favorable environments.

Persuasive effect Essay Example for Free

Persuasive effect Essay How is the writing persuasive? Work through the article commenting on how the choice of words, the style of the writing and the way the information is presented work together to create this persuasive effect. Several techniques are used in the writing to persuade us, to her side of the argument. The first one we meet is the large, bold title of ZOOOOOOH! Tthis is attention grabbing and the linguistic cleverness combines the subject of the article, zoo and the idiotic reactions of the visitors, i. e. Ooooooh. The title has a subtle meaning; it has in it the mindless, moronic reactions of the visitors on seeing the animals, and the graphic design cleverly manipulates our thoughts on the critical comments on zoos. Also there are a line of animal pictures on the bottom of the page, this is to create a sense of realism through illustrations. The sub-heading is in bold as well though it is not as large as the title, this play on words is reflected by the way that she combines her anecdote with an inverted situation, Tess Lemmon watches people watching animals. The effect of that being that it is a play on words with an element of graphic design and it makes us want to read the article and it subtly introduce the idea that she is analysing the reactions of the people, as if in a scientific way. The quotes in bold below the sub-heading are for entertainment, she deliberately takes the most inane comments from the people that she watches and let them argue the case for her, this is called Aunt Sally she has quoted the opposition and has reiterated the quotes for her own needs, the entertainment is in fact a secondary purpose to the real purpose of summing up the attitudes to the animals that the visitors feel in the zoo and shaming them and parodying it. The last quote is the most stupid of them all and has been given its own extra space for its summing up of her views and thoughts on the subject. The first paragraph is devoted nearly entirely to the technique of making short, sharp points, lies on a slab of concrete, stares into space, flicks its tail. People stop, make comments, then go this has the effect of making us think about what the visitors do, because she has summarised what they do in one short paragraph. Exaggeration is also used (which is also called hyperbole), the tiger lies on a slab of concrete, this makes it sounds worse than it is especially as she has generalised the idea of that all the animals lie on a slab of concrete in all zoos while there may be some exceptions, this is bias. This stresses her point of animals in a cell and lying on a slab of concrete without anything to do and living in an unnatural environment, the short sentences also leads us on to the arguments of zoos. She also uses Aunt Sally to a great effect with quoting, a good day out, this makes a point to us of her sarcasm towards the idea of going to the zoo for entertainment and a parodying subject. She uses colloquial language, But hang on a minute running aroundin our backyards, this is used to convey ideas to the reader through an easier way, the effect is, that of an friend having an conversation with you, it is used to put us at ease to seem that she can be trusted, and the language involves everyone, especially using the possessive adjective our and Were this effect in context with colloquial language is that the piece becomes avuncular and inclusive and it invites us to contribute, this makes the writer identify herself with the readers, this encourages the readers to agree with her view and to make us sympathetic to her views. She also uses a rhetorical question, Whatever is in this day and age? to lead on to her arguments, this question makes us feel involved, as it seems as if she cares about our own opinions, it also adds emphasis and stresses the point that we can not allow an animal in a cage, they have the same effect as the use of directives-they make you think that the writer is talking to you personally. The exaggerated tone of the question makes us think about the point of the question and agree with her. This paragraph has a certain amount of sarcasm and Aunt Sally in it, the exaggeration in, the tiger is living it up like nobodys business. Makes the zoo director sound bad, and the section of, saved from having to earn it doesnt even have to walk anywhere. In it one can detect the sarcasm of her writing, on quoting the zoo director. The quote in itself makes the animals sounds quite like prisoners really, with their meals handed to it on a plate, and it doesnt even have to walk anywhere, the effect of that compared with the fact she hints to us about the, zoo directors office is that of the zoos using the animals as exhibits to make themselves rich. Also the tone of, with his tongue only half way in his cheek, brings out the bad habits of the person that she has interviewed the effect of that is to present to us negative opinion of him and also the sentence has a literal meaning as well, of not meaning what you say so that the effect is she doesnt want us to take his views seriously. Also an Aunt Sally was used in describing the zoos as an, Welfare state, this suggests to us that she does not agree with the views of the zoo director and it is an irony that the zoos are described as an, welfare state. Another Aunt Sally is used to great effect in describing her feelings to the reasons trotted out by the zoo whenever their existence is challenged. Also the words in quotations, an ambassador for the wild is there because it reinforces her opinions of zoos and their well-used phrases, as she doesnt believe them. She uses her title of, as an anthropologist This gives credibility to her article and research as we think she would give an unbiased opinion, but in fact this is a trick so that we think she is not biased, but rather using the title, she hides herself and still, gives us the biased opinions under the pretence of being a scientist, having spent hours She repeats herself once more as she says, watching people watching animals, this merely emphasis the point that her subject is on humans and repeating the point in the sub-headings, this is also an anecdote so that we believe in her because she has experience. She then goes on to say her conclusions after giving us her title of an anthropologist and make her sound more reliable, she goes on to say about her opinions of zoos, it is almost a directive/imperative language as she says, no zoo can fulfil no zoo can bring about presents a distorted picture this almost commands us to believe in her research and her conclusion. Also another important is the use of 3 words grouped together, good, bad, best in the world the good, bad, best, bit emphasises the point, it somehow strengthens and stresses the point she is making. Another good persuasive trick used by her is to mingle fact with opinion and make it sound all like fact, in this next paragraph we see her doing just that, many of the main European zoos were founded at the beginning of the last century this is all fact and now she astutely and subtly adds her opinions on that, hand in hand with the spirit of adventure conquest and acquisition it is no coincidence that the zoo as we know it sprang up in the colonial era this makes us understand the real reasons for displaying the animals while it is still only her opinion. This affects us on whether we believe and trust the text, she gives a lot of facts but she has hidden her opinions in the form of fact among the facts, so we would tend to believe her, she uses opinions based on facts while giving facts as examples to illustrate her point. To further the readability of her article, colloquial language is used to simplify the language barrier between the grammatically correct English and her colloquialism so that it is easier to read and to digest the information, these days gawp a rhetorical question is used, so what do the zoos do? this is colloquial language with rhetorical question working at the same time. The answer has sarcasm built in, she hypes what the zoos say they do, serious scientific research total commitment to conservation vital role as educators then she dashes it all to pieces with 2 sharp points, they go to see the animals-and to be entertained. The effect of that is to drag down the zoos lofty ideals so that she can now put her argument to use with the subject now, of why we need zoos, this is divide and conqueror, she uses a linked process of arguments and then one by one she moves on to another stage and to convince us in the end to her beliefs. Another rhetorical question, Just what do people see when they look at an animal in a zoo? this time it is all in a paragraph of its own, this is so, so that we would have time to reflect on the question before she goes on to one of her main arguments. We then see the use of inclusive language, were most of us we tell us this language includes us and therefore more closer to the authors thoughts and we would believe it more as the argument appeals to us as the reader. In the next paragraph, we see emotive language been used, harmful stripped torn away reduced it to be an object to be observed, the emotive language used appeals to our heartstrings and it arouses strong feelings within us, to do something to stop the suffering.

Different Brains, Different Realities? Essay -- Biology Essays Researc

Different Brains, Different Realities? Most of us go through our days not questioning why separate aisles in toy stores are designated to boy-toys such as puzzles and blocks and girl-toys such as dolls and tea sets. We do not always consciously notice that men dominate certain professional fields while women do others. And why are there a higher percentage of gay men (or more "feminized" men) in the dramatic, passionate world of the performing arts? Are these sex trends all enculturation? If we do not stop to explore the origins and implications of our observations, we make the mistake of glossing over them with the non-informative, "fact-of-life" explanation that neglects the why of the issue. Perhaps one such "why" involves biological premises. The steroid hormones secreted by the gonads (mainly androgens in males and estrogens and progestins in females), for instance, are not restricted to the lower half of the body and are known to have divergent effects on the brains of the separate sexes. Although the male and female brain may appear identical structurally (except for the male's being about 10% larger) (1), morphological differences abound. The brain is organized by the presence or absence of androgens neonatally, long before it gets a chance to interact with its culture. In rodents, for instance, testosterone masculinizes the brain to prevent ovulatory capacity and establish male-typical behavior. This phenomenon is accomplished by aromatization, or the paradoxical conversion of testosterone to estrogen in the brain. Female rodents are protected from this estrogen-based masculinization by a protein in the blood called AFP. A small amount of estrogen does actually seep into the brain, however, and this might be resp... ... of stupidity or "weirdness." It is useful to recognize that we may, in essence, be experiencing different realities! As we learn to stop underestimating the power of a hormone, we can also learn more about ourselves, the opposite sex, and our interactions. And, just as we must sometimes "agree to disagree," perhaps we must also be willing to "understand to not understand." References 1)This paper reflects the research and thoughts of a student at the time the paper was written for a course at Bryn Mawr College. Like other materials on Serendip, it is not intended to be "authoritative" but rather to help others further develop their own explorations. Web links were active as of the time the paper was posted but are not updated. Contribute Thoughts | Search Serendip for Other Papers | Serendip Home Page http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/cgi-bin/comments Different Brains, Different Realities? Essay -- Biology Essays Researc Different Brains, Different Realities? Most of us go through our days not questioning why separate aisles in toy stores are designated to boy-toys such as puzzles and blocks and girl-toys such as dolls and tea sets. We do not always consciously notice that men dominate certain professional fields while women do others. And why are there a higher percentage of gay men (or more "feminized" men) in the dramatic, passionate world of the performing arts? Are these sex trends all enculturation? If we do not stop to explore the origins and implications of our observations, we make the mistake of glossing over them with the non-informative, "fact-of-life" explanation that neglects the why of the issue. Perhaps one such "why" involves biological premises. The steroid hormones secreted by the gonads (mainly androgens in males and estrogens and progestins in females), for instance, are not restricted to the lower half of the body and are known to have divergent effects on the brains of the separate sexes. Although the male and female brain may appear identical structurally (except for the male's being about 10% larger) (1), morphological differences abound. The brain is organized by the presence or absence of androgens neonatally, long before it gets a chance to interact with its culture. In rodents, for instance, testosterone masculinizes the brain to prevent ovulatory capacity and establish male-typical behavior. This phenomenon is accomplished by aromatization, or the paradoxical conversion of testosterone to estrogen in the brain. Female rodents are protected from this estrogen-based masculinization by a protein in the blood called AFP. A small amount of estrogen does actually seep into the brain, however, and this might be resp... ... of stupidity or "weirdness." It is useful to recognize that we may, in essence, be experiencing different realities! As we learn to stop underestimating the power of a hormone, we can also learn more about ourselves, the opposite sex, and our interactions. And, just as we must sometimes "agree to disagree," perhaps we must also be willing to "understand to not understand." References 1)This paper reflects the research and thoughts of a student at the time the paper was written for a course at Bryn Mawr College. Like other materials on Serendip, it is not intended to be "authoritative" but rather to help others further develop their own explorations. Web links were active as of the time the paper was posted but are not updated. Contribute Thoughts | Search Serendip for Other Papers | Serendip Home Page http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/cgi-bin/comments

Diversity in American culture Essay

The American culture is one of the outstanding cultures in nature compared with other cultures of the world. The culture of the American people can be regarded as being diversified in nature. (Bernstein N, 2001). The diversity of the American culture is attributed by the fact that America is composed of many ethnic groups with different global origin. The diversity has been found to occur in the dressing habits, eating habits, marriages habits and religion in nature. America has a unique history in nature since it was a founded world which is currently composed of the African –American, White-Americans, Hispanic-Americans, and the Indian –Americans. The diversity of the American culture has a lot of controversies which has come into a lot of criticism by the public in general. This paper will try to evaluate the religious diversity among the American people at the same it will try to bring out the driving forces behind this religion diversity. Consequently it will analyze the effects of the religious diversity to the American people. The religious diversity in America has been contributed by the immigration laws which encourage the religious freedom which has created the religious tolerance of the American people. According to Becvar, D. S (1997) â€Å"perhaps the most extreme case of religious pluralism in the world. † . Moreover the American constitution has consequently protected the religious rights of its members. The first amendment of The USA has consequently promoted the right of free worship without any interruptions. Thus the religious diversity has been promoted by the democratic government of the United States of America which has tried to encourage the immigration and at the same time guarating the religious freedom of its citizens. The American religious culture is made of many religious sects. The religious groups which are presently found in America includes the Christians, Muslims, Hindus, Budhism other minority religions (Bullis K, 1996). The religious diversity in the United States of America has proved to be so important to the society in nature, for instance there are a lot of intermarriages between the religious groups. By promoting the intermarriages, harmony is created in the world. The America of today has undergone some radical changes which have created a new America with new religious landscape. Nowdays the number of the immigrants has increased in to a great existent than before. The most growing group which has migrated in larger number is the Hispanics and the Asian groups. Most of the American people have not noticed the radical changes which the religious sector is undergoing in the recent times. We need to focus on such changes and realize that the religious field is currently under metamorphosis. Although the United states of America was being regarded as being a Christian nation, it has become to light that the Muslims have started to increase in their numbers, moreover the Buddhist religion has taken roots in the American land for example the Los Angeles city is a Buddhist city which is recognized as the most concentrated Buddhist city having the immigrants from India,China,Korea and sri lanka. At the same time the immigrants from the Latin America such as from Mexico, Brazil and Spain to the United States of America cities has promoted the growth of the Christianity of the Catholic and the protestant community. According to history the American land has been composed of many religions. The United States of America is undergoing a change in the religious practices. Most of the adults are nowadays have started to change their religious believes from the Christianity since the start of the First World War. However most of the American adults have started to identify themselves with some specific religion. But it has been established that the United States of America is currently losing its protestant members due to the fact that most of the Protestants were executed during the Second World War. The gender ratio has consequently affected the religious groups. It is estimated that 38% -39% of the religious believers are women. moreovcer most of the Muslims are men since the Muslim society allows only men to worship in the mosques, thus the religious practices has been found to affect the number of the believers. The religious believers in the United States of America have been found to affiliate themselves with the political parties. For example the Christian believers affiliate themselves to the Democrat, Republican and the Independents respectively. 56% of those who are the Assemblies of God have preferred to affiliate themselves with the Republican party while 56% of the Jews have preferred the Democratic party. (Burke T,2005). The religious diversity in the United States of America has profound effects on the way people are living. The religion has consequently affected the dressing codes of the individuals, the eating habits of the individuals and the social associations of the involved candidates. On the first case religion has been found to influence the dressing codes of people, for example the Muslim women wears long clothes which are made so that they can not have the direct contact with their male counterparts as it’s believed that it’s a taboo to for the Muslim women to have direct contact with men. At the same time the Hindu men wears what they refer as â€Å"dhoti†. The Christians women on the other hand have a tendency of wearing the trousers and sometimes skirts. Thus it can be concluded that the dressing codes in the United States of America has been influenced by the religion individuals have affiliated themselves to. The religious diversity in the United States of America has influenced the eating habits of the people of the United States of America. Many of the African-Americans are mainly Protestants and hence they have no strict eating habits (Canda. K, 1998). But other Christian members who belong to some sects such as the seventh Day Adventists, Jehovah witness have a lot of the eating restricness. At the same time some Muslim communities are prohibited from eating some foods such as the pork. Consequently the Hindus are prohibited from taking beef which they believe that it is a sacred animal in their religion. In conclusion it can be determined that religion is continuing to play one of the major roles in most people. The United States of America is secular increasingly, you’ve got African groups who bring another dimension of diversity. † in nature and this phenomenon has spread in many states. Baer, H. A (1984) quoted that† In Southern California, we’ve got virtually everyone,† Roof said. â€Å"If you want an indicator of how much diversity there is in Southern California, there are approximately 100 different ethnic Buddhist groups here. With Latinos, it’s similar. With Islam, you get scores of nationalities†. The diversity of the religious believes among the Americans will continue to affect the daily activities of the Americans. References Baer, H. A. (1984). The Black spiritual movement: A religious response to racism. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. Becvar, D. S. (1997). Soul healing: A spiritual orientation in counseling and therapy. New York: Basic Books. Bernstein, N. (2001). The lost children of Wilder: The epic struggle to change foster care. New York: Vintage Books. Bullis, R. K. (1996). Spirituality in social work practice. Washington, DC: Taylor & Francis. Burke, M. T. (2005). Religious and spiritual issues in counseling: Applications across diverse populations. New York: Brunner-Rout ledge. Canada, E. R. (Ed. ) (1998). Spirituality in social work: New directions. New York: Haworth Pastoral Press.

New Quick Test Method for Hazardous Waste

The main reason is the waste contained chemical elements that belonged to other waste and went unnoticed. Among the these wastes, there ere some unidentified ones mixed in; some identified wastes were mixed into other kind of wastes by carelessness. Both mixtures increase the uncertainty which contributes to exhaust emissions beyond the safe limitation and low performance of cement. The mixture, however, is hard to avoid because there are serial possibilities.Making sure the quantity of chemical elements which can heavily influence emission and quality not beyond limitation is an economic choice. That needs to monitor the chemical elements of waste instantly during the co-processing. 3 Details of the solution Increasing the frequency of hazardous waste testing is the reasonable choice. That means we need to acquire a new method to test the elements of waste quickly and cheaply due to the fact that the traditional method cannot meet the requirement of speed or cost.First of all, we sh ould identify the main elements that highly relate to emission and cement performance. Second of all, we should configure which kind of element is frequently mixed with other waste. Third of all, develop the new method for individual elements. Finally, we should combine all these new testing method to a cage and compile software to calculate, stimulate and control co-processing not beyond safe limitation. Benefits of the solutions After having these abilities, we will have several profits. The potential risk can also be controlled effectively.What is more, the capacity of co-processing hazardous waste can be increased more than 30% without investing other co-processing line, it may save a huge amount of money. Furthermore, these abilities may become the national standard, which will be our technique defense to other competitors and may become our new business to provide to other costumers. Schedule for implementing the solution Find out the main elements that influence the emission and cement, and then confirm which kind of waste includes these elements and their existing styles, such as, organic or inorganic.Find out the co-processing limitation of these elements under the safety 4 conditions( Reiterate,Melanin. M. C. , &Tokheim, 2013). This phase will last three to five months. The second phase is to develop the quick testing method for the main elements and will last half year or even more. The final phase is to compile the software to calculate and simulate the co-processing ND test this software and will last three months. 5 Reference Reiterate. W. K. H, Melanin. M. C. , &Tokheim. (2013).Optimum feeding rate of solid hazardous waste in a cement kiln burner. International Journal of Energy and 777-786. Auber. J. E, Huston. B, & Sacrament. N. (2006). Utilization of municipal solid waste incineration (MISS) fly ash in blended cement Part 1: Processing and characterization of MISS fly ash. Journal of Hazardous Materials, Bal 36,624-631. Auber. J. E, Huston. B , & Sacrament. N. (2007). Utilization of municipal solid waste incineration (MISS) fly ash in blended cement Part 2: Mechanical strength of mortars and environmental impact.

Chappaquid - Will The Truth Be Known Essays - Kennedy Family

Chappaquid - Will The Truth Be Known Essays - Kennedy Family Chappaquid - Will The Truth Be Known On the night of 18/19 July 1969, twelve people attended a no-spouces party (Meyer Macon Morehouse et al.) on Chappaquid*censored*, a small island off the coast of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts. Two of the partygoers fell victim to a continuous deception. Mary Jo Kopechne who would have not lost her life but for the inexcusable misconduct of Ted Kennedy. The other partygoer, Senator Ted Kennedy, lost his chance of ever reaching the White House due to his web of lies. Bobby Kennedy's Presidential campaign had been ably assisted by the Boiler room girls. A team of young women who were completely dedicated to the Kennedy cause. They were: Mary Jo Kopechne, Rosemary Keough, Nance Lyons, Mary Ellen Lyons, Susan Tannenbaum and Ester Newburgh. More than just secretaries, the girls' commitment made their role vital to the campaign. In June of 1968 Bobby was assassinated and grief overwhelmed the Kennedy family and the Boiler room girls. It had not even been five years since the assassination of John F. Kennedy. Almost every summer, members of the Kennedy family had traveled to Martha's Vineyard to participate in the Edgartown regatta. 1968 would to be an exception. Bobby's murder was a massive blow to the family and those close to them, but in particular to Ted. The Boiler room girls switched their attention to closing up Bobby's files and his campaign office. A keen sailor, Ted would participate in the regatta aboard a boat that once belonged to his brother Jack (McGinniss 534). Also participating was Ross Richards a personal friend of Teds (McGinniss 535), later to be an important witness in the Chappaquid*censored* plot. Robert Kennedy's son, Joe, was also on the island. As a thank-you for all their hard work on Bobby's Presidential campaign, a party had been planned to which the Boiler room girls were invited. (Oppenheimer 375) The party was to be at a cottage, also known as the Lawrence cottage, a short distance from both the ferry landing and the bridge which would later prove to be important. The cottage had been rented from the Lawrence family by Ted's cousin, Joe Gargan. (YTedK) Kennedy himself arrived on Martha's Vineyard at roughly 1:00 p.m. on Friday 18 July, 1969. He then took the ferry across to Chappaquid*censored* Island, chauffeured by Jack Crimmins. After racing his boat in the regatta, he returned to Chappaquid*censored* and went to the Lawrence cottage at about 7:00 p.m. By this time he had been driven over the Dike Bridge twice by Crimmins in Kennedy's black Oldsmobile. At about 8:00 p.m., Paul Markham arrived at the Cottage, followed roughly half an hour later by Mary Jo Kopechne and the rest of the partygoers in a rented white Valiant. (YTedK) Moderate, but not excessive drinking took place at the party. The Boiler room girls testified at the Inquest in 1970 that Mary Jo had not been drinking that night, and indeed was not a drinker. Ester Newburgh testified that Kopechne had been completely sober at the party and that: Mary Jo was not a drinker. Five or six drinks would have been completely out of order with the way she lived. And if a girl who didn't drink had that much to drink you would certainly be able tell if she was more jovial than normal, and she was not. (YTedK) (Blood tests on Mary Jo's body showed .09% of alcohol, equivalent to 5 or 6 80-90 proof drinks). (McGinniss 583) At roughly 11:15 p.m. Kennedy mentioned to Kopechne that he planned to leave and return to his hotel in Edgartown. Mary Jo also wanted to return to her Edgartown hotel. Despite the fact that Crimmins drove Kennedy on practically every occasion (McGinniss 585), Kennedy asked Crimmins for the keys to the Olds to drive himself. Crimmins testified at the inquest that He told me that he was tired and that he wanted to home and go to sleep He told me that he was going to take Miss Kopechne back; that she wasn't feeling well. (YTedK) According to Kennedy and Crimmins, Kennedy and Mary Jo left the party in his car at 11:15 p.m. to head for the ferry crossing. In his official

Frued As A Prism Essays - Political Ideologies, Anti-capitalism

Frued As A Prism Essays - Political Ideologies, Anti-capitalism Frued As A Prism Social Recognition of the Human Individual From the time of puberty onward the human individual must devote himself to the great task of freeing himself from his parents. -Sigmund Freud (General Intro. to Psychoanalysis) As a child develops from infancy to adulthood, it soaks up its environment and processes it like a biological computer. As it matures, so does the way it copes with the challenges life presents to him. If the child has the opportunity to be well educated, than he may learn from his history studies, and begin to recognize the different patterns of thought that society has gone through. Perhaps he will learn from these patterns and make an effort to use his knowledge to prevent making many of the same mistakes in his daily life that men have made before. If he studies medieval Europe, he may become skeptical of his own faith. Resulting in his search for a new religion that he can believe in, rather than continue to blindly participate as a member of the faith his parents had chosen for him. If he were to study Imperialism in Europe, than perhaps he would join an athletic team. He would form strong bonds with those within the team, but hopefully he could learn from Europes mistaken extr eme nationalism and sees that the best thing he can do for his team is remain an individual, not conform to some unwritten code. He would see that it is best to create ones own identity within a group. Perhaps he has read Erich Fromm, and sees that he must recognize himself as a separate entity apart from the world around himself. He individuates. The development of this boy into an individual is exactly what Sigmund Freud would describe as a healthy development toward the formation a personal identity. It is the interactions that take place between a developing individual (the boy) and the society in which that individual lives in which we find the essence of human existence. Man has under gone hundreds of years of dialectic thought, shifting paradigms and intellectual synthesis. Only to have the culmination of human progress come down to Sigmund Freuds recognition of the individual, (with individual thoughts, emotions, morals and experiences) create a singularity through which all future perception must travel through. To get a sense of what type of society Freud changed forever, one must first examine the society from the last major paradigm before Freud, as to understand the societys influences and biases. In 1789 the fruits of the Enlightened Age were ripe and the conditions in France were right for an explosion of enlightened ideals that would define the western world for the next two centuries. Liberty, Equality and Fraternity began as the cries of the French Revolution, but would go on to mold western society into its present day form. It was Napoleon who took the fruits of the revolution and planted them in the minds of people across Europe as he conquered eastward. Despite his failure to conquer Russia and his eventual defeat, the Napoleonic Wars are the most successful and influential campaigns in western history. Napoleon institutionalized l,e,f via his Napoleonic Code. Imagine the concepts of the revolution as fruit, and France as the original orchard where the fruit was bred over hundre d of years into the perfect crop. Now picture Napoleon as this great farmer who plants the seeds of this fruit across the European landscape. The stage is now set for these seeds to fructify into the paradigm of the next era of western civilization. Throughout the 1800s each one of these concepts matured and ripened in the Industrial Revolution which acted as the fertilizer and the soil as it provided the nutrients in the form of the technology, class antagonism, as well as a modern insecurity of insignificance. Liberty became the most economical of the three fruitful ideals of the revolution. It was the emerging Bourgeois who first embraced it. They were an upper-middle class that was the product of the industrial revolution and its factory systems. These were the factory owners who sought nothing more than personal economical gain. Due to the restrictive economies of the early 1800s, they were vocal supporters of

British Petroleum Plc IT Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

British Petroleum Plc IT Analysis - Assignment Example The adaptation of cost leadership and differentiation strategies will help the company reach the next level through increased business efficiency, improved data processing and storage among other benefits. The two options go hand-in-hand during their implementation but, BP should consider implementing the cost leadership strategy first then implement differentiation strategy later. Cost leadership strategy enables a firm gain competitive advantage through reduction of economic costs below the competitors’ cost. On the other hand, differentiation strategy enables an organization to shift product development on the bases of cost of marketing of goods and services (Conklin & Sorrell 2010). By first implementing the differentiation strategy, BP will sand a better chance of implementing differentiation strategy. BP’s main objective is to become the leading oil and gas producing industry globally by adaptation of them modern I.T. services that assists in improving business en vironment. The BP I.T processes will be achieved through various strategies set aside by the company management that include value added preposition, target markets, cost factors, revenue drivers and revenue streams. All these strategies focus on the company becoming the cost leader in the market, which requires an implementation of the cost leadership strategic option. ... BP is a large industry with an extremely high volume of production of oil and gas. In addition, the company has specialized machines and proficient workforce that enable provide high quality products and services. The high volume of production places BP in a better position of lowering costs per unit production the implementation of cost leadership strategy easier and fast. In addition, the company can reduce its overhead costs through spreading different costs to other areas like advertisement. Moreover, by implementing this strategy BP will hold the strongest position in the industry and will be able to set floor prices for other companies to follow. The second strategy should follow cost leadership is differentiation option. After ensuring the company’s cost security, BP can come up with differentiation strategy that will increase the value of her products and services relative to the perceived value of other companies. BP will implement differentiation strategy by using fe atures that will make customers prefer the company products and services to those offered by competitors. The focus on high revenue and cost margins places BP in a better position to achieve and perfect economic performance. With I.T in place and low cost of products and services, customers will be more attracted to BP products and services because they are more valuable and have differentiation advantage. Question4 Write a proposal to BP on I.T integration to reducing cost Summary BP is the leading oil and gas production company and serves many customers globally. BP wishes to integrate I.T. systems in her operations in order to improve the overall efficiency in terms of customers’ services and products production. By establishing the

Franchise Feasability Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

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Hypothetical Situation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hypothetical Situation - Assignment Example Indeed, when it comes to making a moral decision, feelings often distract people for the correct option. As a result, her decreased ability to feel should be seen as an advantage of her as an advisor, not a disadvantage. 2. Given the option of choosing either Dekisha or Christina, I believe I would choose the former. First of all, it has already been stated that she is superbly qualified medical professional; so, I trust that she would do anything possible to help me. Secondly, speaking of the peculiarity of her character, namely being dedicated, I am strongly convinced that this is far better than being joyous. I have nothing against the latter; however, I think that medical assistance as an important activity which requires attention and any mistake might cost a life. Contrary to that, a joyous person is more likely to make a mistake if compared to a dedicated one. Finally, it must be noted that the choice that I make will not be affected by the question what person is morally better since this aspect is not involved in any way. 3. It would not be a mistake to suggest that the comparison of an ethical behavior and swinging a golf club is a rather effective one since the author was able to grasp some of the most essential elements of the two activities. Indeed, some people often think that acting morally is difficult; however, many find that it may actually be rather easy as the innate moral compass that everyone has will definitely point out the a person is moving in the right direction. That is why while making a difficult decision, a person should always listen to one’s heart and do as it truly says. The next element which is mentioned in the quotation suggests that acting moral is natural. Indeed, I do believe that all people are originally good and that they will always choose the right option when they have such ability. That is why when one considers different

South Korea Cultural Environments Essay Example for Free

South Korea Cultural Environments Essay This analysis is based on a two-day visit to Suwon, South Korea, a city of about one million inhabitants near Seoul, and a one-day visit to Seoul, the capital city, population over ten million. 1. Ascription/Achievement There were many indicators that Korea is heavily ascriptive. One contact there told me that he was unable to get a job he applied for because he would have been older than his boss, which is considered unacceptable. He said that the first thing the interviewer asked him was â€Å"Given your age, why would you want this position?† He indicated that this is a common problem for people who, like him, want to change careers in mid-life. Because employers insist that superiors be older than their juniors, an older person can’t easily hire into an entry-level position to learn the ropes. My contact mentioned a prominent website that matches job hunters with employers, which specifies for each job the birth date after which an applicant must have been born in order to apply. He also said that his own employer, an American, has encouraged him to undergo additional education in the U.S., but that this would be pointless for him because he would not be able to enter a Korean company as a new hire due to his age. A second example is a Korean contact who speaks both Korean and English at work. He has a colleague who is ethnically Korean but was raised in Canada. This colleague mentioned to him that she liked his English better than his Korean because his Korean was insulting to juniors. He explained to me that in Korean, there are many levels of language, depending on the social position of each person relative to others. Because he is the senior person in the office, his Korean language reflects his high status and the low status of others when he speaks to them, and it sounds insulting to his juniors and to his Canadian-raised colleague. English language, however, does not have this hierarchical structure, and when he speaks English with his employees, he sounds more neutral and respectful towards them. This suggests that the respect for rank and position in Korean language reflects the traditional ascriptive culture, which is impossible to disregard when speaking Korean, and serves to maintain a high level of ascription in Korea. 2. Universalist /Particularist Universalism was consistently in evidence. An example is a parking lot at a cultural exhibit, where there was a guard telling people where to park. The  parking lot was very large and almost completely empty. We were directed to a particular spot, next to another car whose passengers were getting in and out and unpacking the car. Because they were standing in the parking space designated for us, we couldn’t move into it, but when the driver hesitated, the guard motioned him vigorously to go into that one space. There were hundreds of spaces around, but the guard wanted us to park in that space only. In Seoul, there was a campaign to get people to take their trash with them rather than throw it in trash cans that the city would have to collect, so they removed trash cans in public areas. This was a new policy when I was there because one of the locals I was with explained it to another one. There were throngs of people in the area where we were walking, walking shoulder to shoulder. But there was almost no trash on the streets despite the fact that there was nowhere to get rid of it. People took it home with them to dispose of. 3. Diffuse/Specific It was clear from my conversations with people that relationships are very important in Korea. Social networks are very important in business and other aspects of life. I was surprised to learn that elementary school reunions are popular—people keep up with people they have known since early childhood. People prefer to do business with people they know and family-owned businesses are common. A colleague told me he was asked to hire a business contact’s daughter during a rough time for her. She had broken up with her fiancà © and needed to figure out her future. He had hired her into a position of considerable responsibility, without advertising for the position or interviewing other candidates. These examples indicate diffuseness and an emphasis on relationships and personal networks. 4. Individualist/Collectivist Students in my lectures commented that when dealing with western companies, they sometimes felt rushed in making decisions. They said western companies seemed to think whoever was representing them could make decisions on his/her own and that it was difficult to explain that they needed to consult many people within their companies to gain consensus before making a decision. This group decision making is characteristic of a collectivist orientation. I saw a television show that featured a â€Å"mass game† by Samsung employees. There were at least 1,000 of them, staging something like a U.S. marching band formation, but much more complex. They formed complicated, moving pictures that changed colors and it went on for a long time. It clearly represented a huge investment of time by many people. I looked it up on the internet, and employees volunteer for this project, and competition is high among groups. This kind of coordinated activity suggests a collectivist approach to work activity. 5. Short-Term/Long-Term In Seoul and Suwon, new buildings proliferated. This isn’t surprising, given Korea’s economic rise from poverty since World War II, but all of them seem to be built in a modern style, without design features that reflect or harmonize with older buildings. This is true in both Suwon, population 1,000,000, and Seoul, a major city where skyscrapers would be expected. There’s a neighborhood in Seoul that still has old shops selling traditional crafts, but it’s primarily a tourist attraction. People wear modern, western clothes, with traditional Korean clothes worn only for weddings and funerals. A contact told me that Koreans are looking to the future and want to â€Å"move out of the past†. He characterized Suwon’s local folk village and museum of a historic castle there as â€Å"boring†. A U.S. colleague who trains Korean entrepreneurs commented that Korean inventors often don’t have the â€Å"psychological stamina† necessary to develop relationships with large international companies. They tend to expect things to move quickly, and when complications arise they become frustrated and apathetic. These features suggest a short-term orientation, with little emphasis on the past, and the present and future most clearly in focus. 6. Indirect/Direct Students in my class were quite indirect in their interaction with me. They didn’t respond much to my questions and asked few of their own. One of them wanted to let me know that the exercises I was assigning were uncomfortable for her, but she prefaced her complaint with a long social discussion and ended it with the comment that it was good for her to have a different kind of work to do in class. Also, we talked about stereotypes of Americans, and they gave only positive examples. When I asked about negative stereotypes, they said they couldn’t think of any. When I offered some examples, they laughed, but appeared nervous. In a museum, I was looking at exhibits with a recorded tour that I listened to through earphones. After each exhibit I was instructed to move to the next and push a button to hear about it. The instructions, when telling me to start the next recording, were â€Å"How about pressing the button to hear about the next exhibit?† These are the most indirect instructions I’ve ever received. The fact that they were translated into English in this form suggests a very indirect orientation. 7. Neutral/Expressive People were very quiet in public situations—on trains, in my hotel and on the street. The hotel was almost silent, and although my room was near the elevator, which worried me initially, I never heard a sound from people getting on or off, as is common in the U.S. People were also subdued in their physical movements, with few gestures. When they ran, they kept their arms at their sides. I noticed that people were more talkative and emotive in casual situations, but even then not particularly noisy. 8. Monochronic/Polychronic Public transportation was very predictable, and people were on time for meetings. I didn’t notice excessive attention to watches or hurrying through meals, but activities seemed to begin and end on schedule. There was no multitasking during my presentations to the entrepreneurs there. People waited till breaks to check their phones or computers. They didn’t get up and leave to take phone calls. These behaviors suggest a monochronic orientation.